![]() Therefore, CHCs are contraindicated in women over the age of 35 years who are tobacco smokers. Risk is especially high for female smokers more than 35 years of age or those who smoke 15 or more cigarettes per day. Because tobacco smoking increases the risk of thromboembolism, DVT, myocardial infarction, stroke and other thromboembolic disease, patients receiving CHCs are strongly advised not to smoke. Combined hormonal contraceptives are also generally contraindicated in women who have thrombogenic valvular or thrombogenic rhythm diseases of the heart (e.g., subacute bacterial endocarditis with valvular disease, or atrial fibrillation), or known inherited or acquired hypercoagulopathies (e.g., protein S deficiency, protein C deficiency, Factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A mutation, antithrombin deficiency, antiphospholipid antibodies). Combined hormonal contraceptives have been associated with thromboembolism such as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). ![]() Atrial fibrillation, cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, coronary thrombosis, edema, endocarditis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, myocardial infarction, protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, renal disease, stroke, thromboembolic disease, thromboembolism, thrombophlebitis, tobacco smoking, valvular heart diseaseĬombined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) are contraindicated in patients with a current or past history of stroke, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, coronary thrombosis, myocardial infarction, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism or thromboembolic disease, or valvular heart disease with complications. ![]()
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